Non-Swim

Swim

Control

VVC

Control

VVC

0.075 g/kg

0.25 g/kg

0.075 g/kg

0.25 g/kg

Fuel molecules

Plasma glucose

100 ± 2.4

108 ± 4.9

107 ± 3.2

74.5 ± 3.3^a

61.0 ± 2.1

68.0 ± 3.5

Plasma NEFAs

100 ± 2.4

98.1 ± 3.0

84.8 ± 2.2^a

68.2 ± 3.3^a

65.8 ± 209

74.3 ± 3.2

Energy reserves

Muscle glycogen

100 ± 2.2

93.3 ± 2.5

99.5 ± 2.7

53.8 ± 2.1^a

65.5 ± 4.1

77.6 ± 4.4^b

Hepatic glycogen

100 ± 2.3

129 ± 5.7 ^a

125 ± 3.9^a

62.6 ± 2.4^a

74.7 ± 3.8

84.1 ± 4.5

Metabolites

Plasma lactate

100 ± 1.7

91.0 ± 4.0

90.9 ± 3.7

130 ± 4.1^a

123 ± 3.4

115 ± 2.8

ROM

100 ± 2.8

95.9 ± 2.9

90.1 ± 3.3

139 ± 5.2^a

126 ± 2.9

113 ± 2.9^b

Mitochondrial functional status in skeletal muscle

Coupling efficiency

100 ± 2.7

88.1 ± 14.7

87.7 ± 5.4

67.1 ± 10.2

90.9 ± 5.1

123 ± 17.8^b

ANT_in

100 ± 4.5

195 ± 15.6^a

215 ± 22.0^a

144 ± 14.2

258 ± 32.8^b

110 ± 7.7

ANT_out

100 ± 0.4

101 ± 0.2

102 ± 0.8

99.8 ± 0.2

100 ± 0.1

101 ± 0.3